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Topic: Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback  (Read 331626 times) previous topic - next topic
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Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #825
This is why when I designed my blind amp testing of my audiophile, expert listener friend....

Expert listener?  How did you quantify that?  Run him through blind tests of amplifier with controls and he passed them?

Quote
, I allowed him to decide almost EVERY single aspect of the test:

And with it failed to follow best practices for finding small differences.  In drug research we don't ask the patients what the test protocol should be.  Why is it that in audio we think it is whatever the person taking the test should be the test material?

There is real science to how one picks listeners and content.  You can't throw all of that out of the window and go on to make a point.

Quote
My guy received no correct answer feedback, mid-test, but never asked for any either. I would have allowed it had he asked, but I think he would have been shooting himself in the foot by doing so, since his results were barely different than random chance, and seeing that, mid test, might have potentially upset him.

Sounds like your only purpose for running such a test was to make a fool of your friend which seemingly you did.  Don't confuse that with investigation of audio science and real audibility differences.  So yes, if that is your goal, you want to do everything in your power to reduces the chances of a positive outcome.  Non-trained listener.  No controls.  No training.  No screening out the candidate.

Anyone can administer a bad test.  The trick is to not do that....
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #826
Maybe testees could have done better than ~60% had they used Proper protocol.
Exactly. Added stress is sometimes bad, and sometimes good, hence my initial position it should simply be avoided.

Mid test feedback can go either way, adding stress and frustration that one isn't doing well, or give praise for success, we don't know which, so I'm now thinking, maybe, it might be best for the individual test subjects to decide ahead of time if they want mid-test feedback prior to the test. [I'm open minded to changing how I stand on this and assume in the history of testing this has been ironed out before, but I just can't find it.  ]

One disturbing take on how mid test feedback alters the end results are the (in)famous Milgram Experiments of the 60's. Stress, obedience, praise, reward, punishment, etc. all have a strong influence, so my gut tells me we should get rid of them whenever we can. Blind tests should be blind in ALL regards, no?

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #827
A certain amount of stress is beneficial.

Don't see that as good practices in any research I have read.  Fortunately it is a theory that we can easily test here and now.

Run a double blind test with the old ABX plug-in that gives you feedback and the new one that doesn't.

Here is me doing exactly that:

Back on topic: for those who missed it, a test of filter audibility has already been attempted right here on HA...
http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=68524

Any new takers?

Cheers,
David.


foo_abx 1.3.4 report
foobar2000 v1.3.5
2014/11/13 08:40:05

File A: C:\Users\Amir\Music\HA Forum Tests\limehouse\limehouse_maximum_phase_100.wav
File B: C:\Users\Amir\Music\HA Forum Tests\limehouse\limehouse_reference.wav

08:40:05 : Test started.
08:40:37 : 00/01  100.0%
08:42:19 : 00/02  100.0%
08:43:22 : 00/03  100.0%
08:44:21 : 01/04  93.8%  <--- Difference found.
08:45:14 : 02/05  81.3%
08:45:21 : 03/06  65.6%
08:45:34 : 04/07  50.0%
08:45:43 : 05/08  36.3%
08:45:52 : 06/09  25.4%
08:46:00 : 07/10  17.2%
08:46:10 : 08/11  11.3%
08:46:20 : 09/12  7.3%
08:46:29 : 10/13  4.6%
08:46:39 : 11/14  2.9%
08:46:51 : 12/15  1.8%
08:47:00 : 13/16  1.1%
08:47:10 : 14/17  0.6%
08:47:18 : 15/18  0.4%
08:47:26 : 16/19  0.2%
08:47:34 : 17/20  0.1%
08:47:42 : 18/21  0.1%
08:47:49 : 19/22  0.0%
08:47:55 : Test finished.

----------
Total: 19/22 (0.0%)


And with the new plug-in:

And here is the same using the new Foobar ABX plug-in with signatures:

2014-11-13 09:16:06

File A: limehouse_maximum_phase_100.wav
SHA1: 722dc26db8d4ce666dc03875b2c8d4570d22b521
File B: limehouse_reference.wav
SHA1: e8ad96830d23cad4bba5bf822ce875ae452b9e7c

Output:
DS : Primary Sound Driver

09:16:06 : Test started.
09:16:48 : 01/01
09:16:56 : 02/02
09:17:04 : 03/03
09:17:14 : 04/04
09:17:21 : 05/05
09:17:29 : 06/06
09:17:38 : 07/07
09:17:45 : 08/08
09:17:52 : 09/09
09:18:02 : 10/10
09:18:08 : 11/11
09:18:14 : 12/12
09:18:20 : 13/13
09:18:28 : 14/14
09:18:36 : 15/15
09:18:42 : 16/16
09:18:42 : Test finished.

----------
Total: 16/16
Probability that you were guessing: 0.0%




-- signature --
5b42b06c414b6ba77a3998695bf119a2d57663c0


I used the new plug-in after I knew what to listen for.  Despite that, it was far more stressful.  Not knowing the outcome until the end leaves you on the edge the whole time you are trying to get the job done.

Who wants to repeat one of their tests with old and new plug-in and represent that the new method is just as good?
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #828
Instead of hypotheticals let's look at real results of a real sample:

Yeah, a real sample with a couple milliseconds delay in one of the files ... good job showing off false positive ABX logs, amirm.
Quote
File A: C:\Users\Amir\Music\AIX AVS Test files\Mosaic_A2.wav



Quote from:  link=msg=883073 date=0
I was able to positively identify a revealing segment and complete the test successfully.

Yeah, set selection until the time delay produces an audible artifacts, that's it. But if you think you heard something else then please tell us what that revealing segment was and what you heard.
When you're at it, tell us what you hear in this 4 second short test file.


Without that feedback I could not determine that and stay with that segment.  Doing this in trial mode does not work because once you think you have found the difference, you have to go and run the test again and by then you may forget what you had heard.  The newer foobar abx plug-in makes that near impossible anyway because there is no help with re-selection of the precise segment.

Yeah, precise selection is needed to make those misaligned files exhibit differences that are really simple to hear. You don't need an ABX for that.
But this automatic re-selection can be suggested as a feature. The new ABX component is still in beta, you know.


Another variation is second guessing yourself which is a serious, serious problem.  You identify a difference and you listen and get a bunch of trials right.  Without feedback you may wonder, "what if I am getting this wrong?"  That is all that is needed to change the perception you had of the difference.  Placebo works both ways.  It can easily erase differences or make them sound different.  Without feedback you would then get a bunch of trials wrong.  With feedback you would know that you got off track and get back on and see confirmation of that in correct answer after correct answer.

As you said, it works both ways. You may think you are back on track but could have just made a lucky guess.
If you reliable can detect differences in training mode then you should be able to nail the test without even looking at the computer screen. If you are not confident in your ability to distinguish the files then you should go back to training mode or finally conclude that you can't hear a difference.


Per above, it is only a "good idea" if you want to force more negative outcomes.

Nope.
It can also be argued that it removes stress ("oh no, that last choice was wrong again").
"I hear it when I see it."

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #829
Instead of hypotheticals let's look at real results of a real sample:

Yeah, a real sample with a couple milliseconds delay in one of the files ... good job showing off false positive ABX logs, amirm.

Nope.  This is David's test: http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=68524

Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #830
Maybe testees could have done better than ~60% had they used Proper protocol.

Or worse.

Really, instead of the weird conditions why didn't they just use
a) a filter that should be easily audible (e.g. <16 kHz cutoff)
b) a steep 44.1 kHz filter (like the one they used)
c) a more real-world like filter that is less steep (they could even use the one that they actually use in their products...)
d) a filter that even a super human shouldn't be able to hear (40+ kHz for example)

to demonstrate that their A-X test and methodology, filtering software, switching software ... works properly?

A simple test to check their tweeter without measurements could have been using b) with HF noise added that has a similar spectrum to the original track..
"I hear it when I see it."

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #831
Nope.  This is David's test: http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=68524
Nope. Look at your own post: here.

I clearly commented on that one, did I not? Or do you now copy-paste posts and re-post with different logs? I wouldn't be surprised..

edit: easy as a pie
Code: [Select]
foo_abx 2.0 beta 6 report
foobar2000 v1.3.5
2014-12-01 23:05:37

File A: Mosaic_A2.wav
File B: Mosaic_B2.wav

Output:
DS : Primärer Soundtreiber

23:05:37 : Test started.
23:06:22 : 00/01
23:06:33 : 01/02
23:06:39 : 02/03
23:06:50 : 03/04
23:06:57 : 04/05
23:07:04 : 05/06
23:07:09 : 06/07
23:07:14 : 07/08
23:07:19 : 08/09
23:07:29 : 09/10
23:07:40 : 10/11
23:07:45 : 11/12
23:07:50 : 12/13
23:07:55 : 13/14
23:08:11 : 14/15
23:08:17 : 15/16
23:08:17 : Test finished.

 ----------
Total: 15/16
Probability that you were guessing: 0.0%

 -- signature --
03091b9caae2455d289845ccd68536215f94b3fd
due to the delay between the files.
"I hear it when I see it."

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #832
Clearly Stuart is right in the stress that triple stimulus creates when differences are small.
No one is making you listen to B in an ABX test.

(Foobar2k adds "Y" as well, and no one is making you listen to that either.)

Cheers,
David.

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #833
A certain amount of stress is beneficial.
  Taking a test by definition is somewhat "stressful" however we generally want to minimize any additional stress as best we can, otherwise any failure to hear distinctions can be dismissed as being due to the "added stress".

This is why when I designed my blind amp testing of my audiophile, expert listener friend [to settle a small bet with 2:1 odds in his favor] I allowed him to decide almost EVERY single aspect of the test: He picked to the who, what ,where, when, why, and how of the entire test. My only provisions were that the number of trials he selected must show statistical significance to my satisfaction [we ended up agreeing on 16 trials total, >12 correct to win] and since he was a part time recording engineer he wasn't allowed to use his own, private recordings and had to limit himself to any commercially released CDs or SACDs of his choosing. [Of course the amps weren't allowed to be driven beyond their safe operational range, at any time, and were level matched.]

Forms of possible added stress I successfully avoided, which this Stuart et al. paper's listeners might have theoretically complained about, include:

- test listeners weren't in control of what music was selected

- test listeners weren't allowed to practice with the music and gear for an indefinite period of time, of their choosing, before the test

- test listeners weren't in control of the test transition points/segments

- test listeners weren't in control of what switching methodology was used

- test listeners, I assume, were told when and where to show up for testing, whereas my guy picked both

- test listeners didn't select the room

- test listeners didn't select the speakers used and other gear.

My guy received no correct answer feedback, mid-test, but never asked for any either. I think I would have allowed it had he asked prior to the start, but I think he would have been shooting himself in the foot by doing so [at least in retrospect], since his results were barely different than random chance in the end, and seeing that he was only guessing correctly about 50% of the time, mid test, might have potentially upset him and put him in a bad mood.
This I think comes from a misunderstanding of stress by using it as a single word when physiologically the way it manifests itself in people can range from highly beneficial to highly detrimental. Certainly, if you don't practice or study, it won't matter if you're relaxed or not. You simply won't do well. But there are areas of stress, which can be measured by heart rate and respiration where stress has positively beneficial effects on one's performance.

Consider this excerpt from Malcolm Gladwell's book, Blink.

http://nemaloknig.info/read-147015/?page=24

While it uses law enforcement and sports to make its point, I believe it's equally applicable to other endeavors. Sharpening one's concentration to the task at hand while minimizing distractions seems beneficial.

 

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #834
Nope.  This is David's test: http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=68524

Nope. Look at your own post: here.

I clearly commented on that one, did I not? Or do you now copy-paste posts and re-post with different logs? I wouldn't be surprised..

Who knows what topic you are on.  We are discussing stress in running tests and its impact on results.  You jumped in with your cheating accusation? 

But congratulation for posting your first ABX test in this thread.  It was not so bad, was it?  Now you can speak from experience.

Now do David's test with the old and new plug-in so that when you can't follow mzil's cheat, you can produce the same outcome with the same level of stress.  I have provided my results already.

BTW, how are you and mzil creating log files that don't have the hash of the input files?  Here is mine again:

File A: limehouse_maximum_phase_100.wav
SHA1: 722dc26db8d4ce666dc03875b2c8d4570d22b521
File B: limehouse_reference.wav
SHA1: e8ad96830d23cad4bba5bf822ce875ae452b9e7c


Here is yours:
File A: Mosaic_A2.wav
File B: Mosaic_B2.wav


Here is Wombat's results which like mine shows the signature:

foo_abx 2.0 beta 4 report
foobar2000 v1.3.4
2014-11-14 16:20:39

File A: limehouse_maximum_phase_100.wav
SHA1: 722dc26db8d4ce666dc03875b2c8d4570d22b521
File B: limehouse_reference.wav
SHA1: e8ad96830d23cad4bba5bf822ce875ae452b9e7c

Output:
DS : Primärer Soundtreiber


Are you using an option to suppress that and if so, why?  Mine by default shows the hash for both files just like wombat's.
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #835
Were the BS tests run supervised at Meridian, using their speakers/software/files, or on Amirs computer screen, unsupervised?
I thought this thread was about the BS paper doctored dither results, not unsupervised Windows pc generated logs??
Loudspeaker manufacturer

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #836
Who knows what topic you are on.

This one, but it seems like you're confusing yourself with all the places where you post your logs to not even remember what you posted.


But congratulation for posting your first ABX test in this thread.  It was not so bad, was it?  Now you can speak from experience.

You gotta be seriously deluded if you think this was even close to a first... Btw, as soon as I saw a mention of the files here I replied that there are problems with the files. That was over 4 months ago.


Now do David's test with the old and new plug-in so that when you can't follow mzil's cheat, you can produce the same outcome with the same level of stress.  I have provided my results already.

BTW, how are you and mzil creating log files that don't have the hash of the input files?

What stress? There was no stress. As I said easy as pie even with the new beta's long forces fade ins/outs.
The lack of hashes appears to be a bug when the test is started from within training mode. Already reported a few minutes ago.
"I hear it when I see it."

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #837
Consider this excerpt from Malcolm Gladwell's book, Blink.

http://nemaloknig.info/read-147015/?page=24

While it uses law enforcement and sports to make its point, I believe it's equally applicable to other endeavors. Sharpening one's concentration to the task at hand while minimizing distractions seems beneficial.

???  You are drawing an analogy from this: "This is how the human body reacts to extreme stress, and it makes sense. Our mind, faced with a life-threatening situation, drastically limits the range and amount of information that we have to deal with" to what we are doing? 

No this is not a life-threatening situation although one read of xnor's replies you think it is.

The feelings that are involved are:

1. Fear.  Fear of losing.  These tests are not created in a "safe" situation.  One outcome can lead to your ridicule by the most obnoxious people on the planet. 

2. Suspicion.  That the other side has cooked the test to make a fool of you.  This one is deadly and I have fallen victim to it many times.  I am taking the test, and I know I have heard the difference.  But then think, "what if he is tricking me?"  Fear kicks in and I vote the opposite of what I heard, only to find out my first instinct was correct.

3. Frustration.  This is what we are calling "stress" for the most part.  We are having to remember one complex set of notes and freeze it in our mind, and then perform an aural image match.  When differences get small this is not easy to do at all.  Even when testing big differences such as Harman's double blind speaker tests, I found myself in a tough spot trying to remember what the last speaker sounded like. 

We are asking a human to be a machine with precision.  This is never easy.

4. Anticipation.  This is the point I made in my prior post with new version of ABX.  As the trials counted up, you could just hear my heart rate increase.  What if I get to the end and I have to repeat this stupid test again? 

A little story about my younger years.  I was always good with math.  Not perfect but one step below.  I remember one time getting 4 or 5 math problems to solve as a homework assignment.  I sat there and figured them right out.  The next day I come to the class and was amazed that I was the only one to have solved all of them!  The excitement did not last long.  The final exam comes and what is on the test?  A couple of the same problem.  Momentary excitement turned into sheer panic as I could not solve either one!  I tried everything.  I wrote pages and pages of stuff and at the end could not remember how to solve the problem.  Barely got a passing grade.

I did not become dumb between the home work assignment and final exam.  Clearly something about being tested caused me to all of a sudden get frustrated, worried about running out of time, etc.

This is why we need to do everything in our power to make the test simpler for people to take.  Expert listeners and revealing content does that.
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #838
If peak playback level at 16 bit resolution is in fact 120dB SPL, you )(*&(*& well should be able to hear the lack of dither in a piano decay.
You should also be able to hear the difference between TPDF and RPDF dither, too, via noise modulation.

On the other hand who in the name of Monty Python would listen at that level? :horrors:

For that matter, in a decent listening room, someone ought to be able to hear the (*&*(&(*&( dither as well.

Which leads to the question: What in the heck are these people doing? Trying to blow up their equipment, or destroy their hearing, or what?

The BS paper claims 102db peaks measured at the LP, not 120db.

cheers,

AJ
Loudspeaker manufacturer

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #839
Clearly Stuart is right in the stress that triple stimulus creates when differences are small.
No one is making you listen to B in an ABX test.

I have passed the tests as written.  The issue is what recruited testers do, not me.  If you have an ABX test and you explain it as an ABX test, then they will listen to A, B and X.  If you write the instructions to just listen to A and X, then why do you have the B in the user interface?  You would eliminate that and that is what Stuart's test has done. 

How often do you think someone has taken the ABX test as AX?
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #840
No this is not a life-threatening situation although one read of xnor's replies you think it is.

No, it's just reason and rational thinking. You really should try it one day.
I'm not nearly stupid enough to participate in your little concocted war game, sorry.


3. Frustration. This is what we are calling "stress" for the most part.

Yes, and the most frustrating thing is getting feedback that tells you that your choice was wrong during a test. I believe that negative feedback has a stronger impact than positive fb.
"I hear it when I see it."

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #841
Clearly Stuart is right in the stress that triple stimulus creates when differences are small.



Unlike during Meridian's A/B test....


...or not. 


Quote
It was also possible that listeners would tire during testing sessions; listeners were
able to proceed at their own pace, with the only restriction being that breaks could not be taken in the
middle of a block.
The training and test blocks were completed in under four hours by all listeners (not including breaks).

Jackson et al. (2014) "The audibility of typical digital audio fi lters in a high- fidelity playback system"  p8

The fact is, Amir, that Stuart and Co. offered their critique of ABX with no citations of evidence from others' work.  I found that quite peculiar, especially in an Introduction section of a research paper.

It's just, like, their opinion, man.

cognitive *load*, indeed

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #842
How often do you think someone has taken the ABX test as AX?



I have certainly taken ABX tests where I have not had to bother switching between A and B after the first trial or two.  I'm sure others do it too, when the difference is obvious enough to them.  You 'learn' the difference, and from there on, X is either A or not A (and therefore B, you don't even need to actaully hear B) . 

Those, btw , are the sort of difference I'd *expect* hi rez to offer, given the relentless, decade-long hype from your crowd.  Difference so obvious, an ABX would be practically effortless.

But it's not.  It's not in Stuart's test either.  It's not in your own tests.  The hype is a lie.

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #843
Consider this excerpt from Malcolm Gladwell's book, Blink.

http://nemaloknig.info/read-147015/?page=24

While it uses law enforcement and sports to make its point, I believe it's equally applicable to other endeavors. Sharpening one's concentration to the task at hand while minimizing distractions seems beneficial.

???  You are drawing an analogy from this: "This is how the human body reacts to extreme stress, and it makes sense. Our mind, faced with a life-threatening situation, drastically limits the range and amount of information that we have to deal with" to what we are doing? 

No this is not a life-threatening situation although one read of xnor's replies you think it is.

The feelings that are involved are:

1. Fear.  Fear of losing.  These tests are not created in a "safe" situation.  One outcome can lead to your ridicule by the most obnoxious people on the planet. 

2. Suspicion.  That the other side has cooked the test to make a fool of you.  This one is deadly and I have fallen victim to it many times.  I am taking the test, and I know I have heard the difference.  But then think, "what if he is tricking me?"  Fear kicks in and I vote the opposite of what I heard, only to find out my first instinct was correct.

3. Frustration.  This is what we are calling "stress" for the most part.  We are having to remember one complex set of notes and freeze it in our mind, and then perform an aural image match.  When differences get small this is not easy to do at all.  Even when testing big differences such as Harman's double blind speaker tests, I found myself in a tough spot trying to remember what the last speaker sounded like. 

We are asking a human to be a machine with precision.  This is never easy.

4. Anticipation.  This is the point I made in my prior post with new version of ABX.  As the trials counted up, you could just hear my heart rate increase.  What if I get to the end and I have to repeat this stupid test again? 

A little story about my younger years.  I was always good with math.  Not perfect but one step below.  I remember one time getting 4 or 5 math problems to solve as a homework assignment.  I sat there and figured them right out.  The next day I come to the class and was amazed that I was the only one to have solved all of them!  The excitement did not last long.  The final exam comes and what is on the test?  A couple of the same problem.  Momentary excitement turned into sheer panic as I could not solve either one!  I tried everything.  I wrote pages and pages of stuff and at the end could not remember how to solve the problem.  Barely got a passing grade.

I did not become dumb between the home work assignment and final exam.  Clearly something about being tested caused me to all of a sudden get frustrated, worried about running out of time, etc.

This is why we need to do everything in our power to make the test simpler for people to take.  Expert listeners and revealing content does that.
You didn't practice enough and overestimated your abilities. You choked. Lots of things aren't life and death Amir but that doesn't mean you don't benefit from getting in the zone.

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #844
Maybe testees could have done better than ~60% had they been given the option to audition A and/or B when making a selection for X.

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #845
Perhaps they'd have done better had Amir been the instructor.

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #846
Maybe testees could have done better than ~60% had they been given the option to audition A and/or B when making a selection for X.

Seems like >95% is possible with ABX, when under the enormous stress of taking the test at home via downloadable online files, on a Windows pc, completely unsupervised.
I wonder why the BS paper wasn't done like this instead? I'm sure it would still have garnered those AES awards.
Maybe they just wanted to showcase their products as well?

cheers,

AJ
Loudspeaker manufacturer

Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #847
I'm sure others do it too

<raises hand>

Difference so obvious, an ABX would be practically effortless.

But it's not.  It's not in Stuart's test either.

~60% doesn't obviously indicate the endeavor was practically effortless?


Audibility of "typical" Digital Filters in a Hi-Fi Playback

Reply #849
The fact is, Amir, that Stuart and Co. offered their critique of ABX with no citations of evidence from others' work.

So?  The stated a fact: that in ABX tests the listener is instructed to listen to A and X and B and X and vote which association is closer.  That creates three stimulus that must be kept in mind:

An ABX test requires that a listener retains all three sounds
in working memory, and that they perform a min-
imum of two pair-wise comparisons (A with X and
B with X), after which the correct response must be
given; this results in the cognitive load for an ABX
test being high.


Explaining what ABX testing is doesn't require prior reference.  And the cognitive load is obvious to anyone who has taken the ABX blind tests.

You have some evidence that this is not true?

Quote
I found that quite peculiar, especially in an Introduction section of a research paper.

It's just, like, their opinion, man.

cognitive *load*, indeed

You are not in the audio field Steven so what is peculiar in your world is not here. 

What is really at issue here is that folks/you don't want to hear any criticism of ABX testing.  That is supposed to be sacrilegious.  In real world it is not.  Facts can be stated about it and expert opinion expressed. 

Here is Clark in his JAES paper, High-Resolution Subjective Testing Using a Double-Blind Comparator

When scientific tests have been performed, listeners'
audibility thresholds have appeared to be poorer by
orders of magnitude compared to casual tests.


There is no reference provided in this second paragraph in the Introduction of the paper.  And it is vague at heck.  What on earth is "casual tests?"

If you believe David's theory, then their testing is a degenerate version of ABX with the same reliability.  So why the objection?
Amir
Retired Technology Insider
Founder, AudioScienceReview.com