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Topic: Article: Why We Need Audiophiles (Read 554269 times) previous topic - next topic
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Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #600
It may seem unlikely, but here's a scenario that ends up bad for you. Your post notionally defamed Fremer. This forum is being read by Fremer's boss, John Atkinson. Unbeknown to any of us, Atkinson plans to reduce Fremer's workload over the coming months. Fremer has just lost work and he knows his boss has read your post; he could potentially put these things together and blame your post for potential loss of earnings. You would have to find some seriously strong evidence to support your suggestions.  The evidence you have is of his presenting 'fair comment'.


MF called AK a liar here too -- I suggest they both contact their lawyers. 

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #601
Doesn't SMPTE RP 200 set the peak at 103dB SPL?

So 100dB down is 3dB SPL.

If some piece of equipment in the chain generates a whining noise at 3kHz, at a level which comes out at 3dB SPL, it meets your -100dB rule, yet has an audible fault.


Where in the real everyday world do you propose to do your listening test to show conformance with TOS 8? ;-)

I have it on good authority that there is no conventional office, workship or performance space that will suffice.

If memory serves JJ had a SOTA listening room at the old AT&T labs. Immensely expensive.  Its noise level level was something north of NC10, maybe NC15. 

According to http://www.acousticalsolutions.com/educati...se_Criteria.pdf  NC 15 sets the room tone at 3 KHz about 13 dB SPL. Good chance that noise will be masked, I'd say.

Now for the real fun. The widest dynamic range commercial recording I've ever found (and I've been searching for about 10 years) has about 80 dB dynamic range.  If I play it with peaks at 103 dB, then its quietest passage will have a SPL of about 23 dB SPL.  Probability of masking even greater than in JJ's old listening room.

If I played that recording in my living room with background noise in the 35 dB territory when its really quiet, then the loud passages would play at 115 dB which is not a serious problem for a reasonably good audio system.  Of course the quietest passage will be 35 dB SPL or more.  Probability of masking even greater than  the previous examples.


Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #602
I would be very happy if all the crap that originated in the RAO cesspool, stayed there.
...and look who's trying to link here with there...
http://groups.google.co.uk/group/rec.audio...615e3791?hl=en#


Ah, crap.  Crap.  It might be good to just agree to delete any new account if it can be found to have originated as a result of JA's advertising (and maybe some here, reading a thread like THAT, will see how Arny got to be Arny)

Quote
I share that concern (and have expressed it many times), but...

I don't think it's that at all. I think much of this thread has been "rude", and more importantly unhelpful, by the standards of HA.


It was Axon, not you, who called me to task, so I'm curious to know what he's on about.

Quote
We'll get back on track though. Stereophile won't do proper ABX tests, HA will ignore Stereophile, the world will return to normal.


D'ya think?        I also wouldn't be surprised if there was a more or less enragingly 'spun'  report about it in Stereophile at some point.


Quote
Well, that's my guess. If JA returns and does a proper DBT of something meaningful, I'll be pleasantly surprised.



JA claims a Damascene experience that made him 'anti' DBTs.  IIRC, Saul became Paul, and never went back to being Saul.  So don't count on it.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #603
I called JA out on this sort of thing earlier in the thread, giving much the same reasons:  misleading presentation of facts that are irrelevant to perceived mp3 sound, and inadequate documentaion of the conditions (codecs etc) used.

You call that sort of presentation 'flawed'.  I call it *shameful*. Because JA is taken as a voice of audiophile authority on this, and really should know better -- and I think, *does* know better.  And from his vague report, it sounds like much the same sort of 'flawed' evidence for performance of lossy encoding will be presented to some folks in Colorado -- I *do* hope some HA folk show up.


Agreed. Also it seem to be a sighted test. To me this is just a self-congratulating exercise of "I told you mp3's are bad". It is not a scientific test and indeed *shameful*.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #604
I would be very happy if all the crap that originated in the RAO cesspool, stayed there.


It seems like the following link suggests that Atkinson's intents are the exact opposite:

http://groups.google.co.uk/group/rec.audio...615e3791?hl=en#

I'm not afraid of HA being inundated with posts by RAO regulars - some of them have previously investigated HA and said that they found that posting here would be too much work.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #605
JA claims a Damascene experience that made him 'anti' DBTs.  IIRC, Saul became Paul, and never went back to being Saul.  So don't count on it.


This would be in his opening comments at the 2005 debate, right?

Anybody who thinks that JA has a first rate logical mind really needs to study those comments.

 

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #606
You call that sort of presentation 'flawed'.  I call it *shameful*. Because JA is taken as a voice of audiophile authority on this, and really should know better -- and I think, *does* know better.  And from his vague report, it sounds like much the same sort of 'flawed' evidence for performance of lossy encoding will be presented to some folks in Colorado -- I *do* hope some HA folk show up.


Agreed. Also it seem to be a sighted test...


I did address this question. Perhaps you both missed my posting. There are no "tests," there won't be any scoring. All I am doing is playing level-matched files of various provenances to meetings of audiophiles, including many of my own recordings. I will be using the original hi-rez master files, the Red Book master files, and AACs and MP3s at various bitrates, as well as the specific comparison I mentioned in an earlier posting. The goal, as well as to have a pleasantly entertaining evening, is to allow listeners to hear for themselves if any of the differences are a) audible and b) matter.

Regarding the meta-discussion about defamation earlier,  I think it fair to point out that pretty much everything that has been said on this forum merits a First Amendment defense as protected opinion. Where someone would get into trouble was if they presented something defamatory as fact rather than opinion. My 2 cents, as someone who has been involved in libel lawsuits and gained an education in return. Feel free to ignore it.

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #607
Sorry for the OT, but I looked on the Stereophile site for news of this Colorado audiophile event but couldn't find anything.  Did I just miss it, or is it yet to be announced?

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #608
I did address this question. Perhaps you both missed my posting. There are no "tests," there won't be any scoring. All I am doing is playing level-matched files of various provenances to meetings of audiophiles, including many of my own recordings. I will be using the original hi-rez master files, the Red Book master files, and AACs and MP3s at various bitrates, as well as the specific comparison I mentioned in an earlier posting. The goal, as well as to have a pleasantly entertaining evening, is to allow listeners to hear for themselves if any of the differences are a) audible and b) matter.


In other words a sighted *comparison* with all that's problematic about those. Yes, I think we all 'got' that, even those calling it a 'test'.  IIRC it was also referred to, by you, as educational.  I'd say it could be far more educational if done fairly , while as it stands it could be downright misleading.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #609
I did address this question. Perhaps you both missed my posting. There are no "tests," there won't be any scoring. All I am doing is playing level-matched files of various provenances to meetings of audiophiles, including many of my own recordings. I will be using the original hi-rez master files, the Red Book master files, and AACs and MP3s at various bitrates, as well as the specific comparison I mentioned in an earlier posting. The goal, as well as to have a pleasantly entertaining evening, is to allow listeners to hear for themselves if any of the differences are a) audible and b) matter.


Fair enough, but it is still sighted, thus people's preconceptions and bias can influence their judgment. Also, Axon's comments in this post:

http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index....mp;#entry630354

are still valid.

Regarding the meta-discussion about defamation earlier,  I think it fair to point out that pretty much everything that has been said on this forum merits a First Amendment defense as protected opinion. Where someone would get into trouble was if they presented something defamatory as fact rather than opinion. My 2 cents, as someone who has been involved in libel lawsuits and gained an education in return. Feel free to ignore it.


Mr. Atkinson, I have great respect for you saying this.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #610
Regarding the meta-discussion about defamation earlier,  I think it fair to point out that pretty much everything that has been said on this forum merits a First Amendment defense as protected opinion. Where someone would get into trouble was if they presented something defamatory as fact rather than opinion. My 2 cents, as someone who has been involved in libel lawsuits and gained an education in return. Feel free to ignore it.

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile

I agree with "Michael Fremer's boss".

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #611
Regarding the meta-discussion about defamation earlier,  I think it fair to point out that pretty much everything that has been said on this forum merits a First Amendment defense as protected opinion. Where someone would get into trouble was if they presented something defamatory as fact rather than opinion. My 2 cents, as someone who has been involved in libel lawsuits and gained an education in return. Feel free to ignore it.

I agree with "Michael Fremer's boss".


I must point out before everyone starts flinging defamatory comments around like confetti, that having a First Amendment defense does not prevent a suit being filed. It only means that there is a good probability that the suit will be unsuccessful. In cyberspace as in "meat space," it is best to be polite.

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile


Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #613
Now a "better" audio magazine could promote the following chain:

| Source | -> | Colorization Device (DSP)| -> | DAC | -> | Amp | -> | Speaker |

Anything excluding the DSP and speakers would be neutral elements and could be just ticked off for being "proper" and else be reviewed for looks and features. The DSP adds noise and/or harmonic distortion just as preferred and could also be replaced by an analog component behind the DAC.

Now would that be a too honest approach? Would people want to read that their acoustical taste is intended signal degradation? Or do they want to read that their choice of a non-neutral amp (e.g. with quite some output impedance) is more musical and probably "closer" to the original performance? Subjective reviewing staff could really relocate all their magic to DSP analysis and how it can bring sound reproduction even closer to human experience.


While I favor the signal chain above (basically implemented in my listening room and also at my favored work site) I feel compelled to add that the nonlinear distortion functions of the DSP would generally go unused. While audiophile's seem to love their vinyl and SETs, IME the linear distoriton in those products is generally far more audible in actual use than any residual nonlinear distortion.

My home system:

| Source | -> | Colorization Device (Rane MQ302 analog eq)| -> | Amp | -> | Speakers |

My preferred work system:

| Source | -> | Colorization Device (DSP - actually a 56 channel digitial console including DAC)|  -> [additional analog eq and crosssover] -> | Amps | -> | Speakers |

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #614
Regarding the meta-discussion about defamation earlier,  I think it fair to point out that pretty much everything that has been said on this forum merits a First Amendment defense as protected opinion. Where someone would get into trouble was if they presented something defamatory as fact rather than opinion. My 2 cents, as someone who has been involved in libel lawsuits and gained an education in return. Feel free to ignore it.

I agree with "Michael Fremer's boss".


I must point out before everyone starts flingind defamatory comments around like confetti, that having a First Amendment defense does not prevent a suit being filed. It only means that there is a good probability that the suit will be unsuccessful. In cyberspace as in "meat space," it is best to be polite.

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile


Hmm, does Michigan J. Frog know that?
-----
J. D. (jj) Johnston

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #615
JA claims a Damascene experience that made him 'anti' DBTs.  IIRC, Saul became Paul, and never went back to being Saul.  So don't count on it.


This would be in his opening comments at the 2005 debate, right?

Anybody who thinks that JA has a first rate logical mind really needs to study those comments.


To make it easier for people to do so, I repeated the HE2005 debate anecdote in the essay at http://stereophile.com/asweseeit/705awsi/ .

I also offered some thoughts on what I feel to be a philosophical problem with blind testing at  http://stereophile.com/asweseeit/406awsi/ .

If these essays make me appear illogical, so be it. But as I wrote: "To explain my quarter-century-old Damascene experience, you have to accept that either the blind test was flawed - in which case all the reports that cited that 1978 test as 'proving' the amplifiers sounded the same were wrong - or that the nonaudio factors were irrelevant, in which case the criticisms of sighted listening based on that factor must be wrong."

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #616
If someone can pass the ABX -- almost certainly if that someone is a 40-ish adult male very likely having a normal amount of high-frequency loss -- then others can do it to, with some training.  And if this was indeed a tube vs SS trial, then really, this is all rather beside the point, as no 'objectivists' I know of argue that the tubes vs SS are typically just as likely to sound the same as SS vs SS. And again, MF's 4/5 is not above even the usual standard of statistical significance, while JA's was (again with the note that .05 is not necessarily low enough for demonstrating the existence of truly 'small' difference).  What we don't have, and IIRC from my reading about the fracas in Stereophile years ago, didn't have even then, is a full rundown of each person's results, as we get here on HA.  So I'm not even sure what the aggregate report tells us. What I am sure is that debating this particular test from years and year ago is about as much a sideshow as the original test itself probably was. Let's see JA and MF  ABX two competently designed level-matched solid state amps at nondistorting levels,  16 trials minimum  -- THEN we have something to debate.
I more or less agree completely with you, so maybe I'm just confused as to what is being debated. Did Lipshitz really tell Michael that he was a "lucky coin"? Because I think we can all agree that is entirely unsupported from a mere 5-trial test. For Michael to tar "science" with a misinterpretation like that is something of a strawman - assuming, of course, that was what Stanley said in the first place.

I'd be curious to what degree that is.  RElative to my usenet activity on the whole, my participation in RAO isn't much to speak of...google it and see.  I can't recall when my last post there was.  My usenet audio posting is overwhelmingly on a  moderated forum: rec.audio.high-end, to this day.
Bizarrely, a search for your name on RAO in Google Groups gives me 2480 results, while on RAHE it's 5910. However, it looks like a lot of the RAO results are the result of crosspostings from eg Middius, so a thorough investigation of this will take more time than I am willing to spend on the matter. I do concede that I was ignorant of your avoidance of RAO, but honestly, while RAHE is mucho better, I think my original point still stands. This debate has gone on between you, Arny, John, and a rotating cast of other characters for so long that honestly I might just be prejudiced against large parts of this whole topic, because I just get this incredible sense of deja vu... I'll admit that is an irrational response.

Quote
I do think Fremer is a d*ck,  and Atkinson is 'elusive' at best when it comes to brass tacks, and what have you seen here or elsewhere that shows me wrong?  I don't support everything Arny writes, and I agree he's being a d*ck  by dredging up sludge from RAO , especially silly claims of stalking or whatever.  (My take on Arny was already noted long ago on HA  here ; note too JJ's response a few posts down)

I'm sure I can be perceived as 'militantly' anti-audiophool, just as I suppose I would be called a 'militant' atheist or a 'militant' scientist by the sorts of people who find Richard Dawkins or Chris Hitchens just too plain *rude* and who fret over whether they are helping or hurting 'the cause' (sometimes mistakenly referred to as 'concern trolls').  I have my own concerns; I sincerely believe that Stereophile's work within its ambit has a pernicious effect on 'my' hobby, and I'm not afraid to act on that.

If anyone has complained to moderators about my posts, I haven't been made aware of it.  (And if my style has been called 'too coarse' on Stereo Central, for god' sake, that's I just have to see  ).
Truthfully I was only referring to a single poster on SC, and I don't think he meant anything quite as strong as what I stated.

You're right - I pretty much agree with everything you're saying on audio merits. I just don't think how you're saying it is terribly effective. I think this topic and emotion don't mix, it is important to avoid responses that are needlessly inflammatory and don't prove points - and I have already tried to apologize for the things I have said that violate that belief. Using phrases like "audiophoolery", "shameful", "smokescreen" etc plays well to the peanut gallery, but express a very large degree of emotion that simply does not advance what I think is the goal of this thread, which is to actually debate. And they imply a great amount of maliciousness which I believe cannot be adequately proven.

I'm very comfortable with the assertiveness in saying one of JA's articles lacks "any technical validity". I'm not comfortable with calling that shameful.

That said, I've reread your posts and I caught a lot of important points which I had not caught the first time around. Maybe I am being irrational about this, and I'm just numbed. I dunno. But I will say that very little of what JA has said strikes me as being malicious or unintelligent - although it does still strike me as being largely wrong. And I'm seeing too much focus on the former....

...and look who's trying to link here with there...http://groups.google.co.uk/group/rec.audio...615e3791?hl=en#
But it's always nice to see where people show their true colors by posting on their home forums. Nice tell.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #617
If these essays make me appear illogical, so be it. But as I wrote: "To explain my quarter-century-old Damascene experience, you have to accept that either the blind test was flawed—in which case all the reports that cited that 1978 test as 'proving' the amplifiers sounded the same were wrong—or that the nonaudio factors were irrelevant, in which case the criticisms of sighted listening based on that factor must be wrong."

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile


The troubling part here is that you also wrote:
Quote
Having been involved in the tests, having seen how carefully Martin had organized them, and having experienced nothing that conflicted with my beliefs, I concluded that the null results proved that the amplifiers didn't sound different from one another. I bought a Quad 405.

However, over time I began to realize that even though the sound of my system with the Quad was the same as it ever had been, the magic was gone. Listening to records began to play a smaller role in my life—until I replaced the 405 with an M&A tube amplifier two years later.


But your "loss of magic" has nothing to do with sound quality. But sighted listening tests do make sound quality claims.
So you've poorly drawn up a false dilemma.
So yeah, it really makes you look completely illogical. The fact that you're willing to hang your hat ("so be it") on such a fallacy does even moreso.
elevatorladylevitateme

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #618
If these essays make me appear illogical, so be it. But as I wrote: "To explain my quarter-century-old Damascene experience, you have to accept that either the blind test was flawed—in which case all the reports that cited that 1978 test as 'proving' the amplifiers sounded the same were wrong—or that the nonaudio factors were irrelevant, in which case the criticisms of sighted listening based on that factor must be wrong."


That's it in one rather long, drawn out sentence.

It's the same problem I had with Fremer - far reaching conclusions reached based on fragmentary, truly negligable evidence.

But thanks for making it so easy to point out, John. As I earlier pointed out, you really have a lot of confidence in your own personal rightness, no matter where the rest of the world happens to go.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #619
I am still wondering why no one asks the Gizmodo guy that paid the visit to Fremer, to do an ABX test to prove his claim that his MP3 sounded like shit in comparison with Fremer's vinyl.

After all, he said it, not Fremer ...

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #620
Because he (John Mahoney) isn't here?

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #621
The troubling part here is that you also wrote:

Quote
Having been involved in the tests, having seen how carefully Martin had organized them, and having experienced nothing that conflicted with my beliefs, I concluded that the null results proved that the amplifiers didn't sound different from one another. I bought a Quad 405.



The problem I have with this is that DBTs in 1978 or thereabouts were not the same as DBTs in 1989, or 2009. For example, a DBT of necessity must be done with a relatively small collection of music. Music used to test with is easily the most important component in a DBT, right after the UUT. I see mention of this here in discussion of codec DBTs, so I know this issue will resonate with many HA regulars.

However, I see no evidence of a systematic informed approach to selection of musical passages for John's 405 DBT evaluation. Left to their own devices most audiophiles of the day would select music that they liked, not music that maximally exercises such audible differences as may exist.

The second issue is listener selection and training. It is not always true that the best person to do a DBT related to a certain product is a person who has or intends to purchase it.

Note that there is an appeal to authority - Martin who set up the tests. The tests seemed to be well done to John, but what was his experience and expertise with setting up DBTs? I've never seen John set up a DBT that I would have any confidence in to this day.  I know for sure that the way we set up DBTs in the late 1970s was not what it was in the late 1980s, or better yet what it is in 2009. 

Quote
Quote

However, over time I began to realize that even though the sound of my system with the Quad was the same as it ever had been, the magic was gone. Listening to records began to play a smaller role in my life—until I replaced the 405 with an M&A tube amplifier two years later.


But your "loss of magic" has nothing to do with sound quality.


Seems to me like the above is an inadequately supported claim about whether or not sound quality was the determing factor.

I agree that the inherent sound quality of the Quad 405 product was probably *not* the only determining factor.

I agree with John that perceived sound quality was his determining factor, and that is IMO one of the best determining factors of all.

However, I did sneak in the word *perceived*. We have no idea exactly what influences went into John's detemination of sound quality since so many different influences were present.

There are other significant issues, such as the possibiliity that there was a hidden subtle flaw in the particular Quad 405.

In the final analysis I think that a reasonable person would say that it is very unclear exactly what should be concluded from this very, very fragmentary account of what seems to be a highly limited experience. It is dubious that any conclusion at all can be logically reached. It is unreasonable to base a final life's judgement on so little questionable data.

And this all relates to the question that I asked several days ago and that both John and Michael have sloughed again and again:

How do we know for sure which product sounds better?

How do we even know that they actually sound different?  Sounding different  is obviously a prerequisite for any judgment that one sounds better than the other.


Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #622
The troubling part here is that you also wrote:
Quote
Having been involved in the tests, having seen how carefully Martin had organized them, and having experienced nothing that conflicted with my beliefs, I concluded that the null results proved that the amplifiers didn't sound different from one another. I bought a Quad 405.

However, over time I began to realize that even though the sound of my system with the Quad was the same as it ever had been, the magic was gone. Listening to records began to play a smaller role in my life—until I replaced the 405 with an M&A tube amplifier two years later.


But your "loss of magic" has nothing to do with sound quality. But sighted listening tests do make sound quality claims.
So you've poorly drawn up a false dilemma.


Thank you for the Wikipedia reference but I don't believe so. Remember, back in the 1970s I was a hard-core an "objectivist" as, say, Krabapple here on HA. The test was well-designed, as far as I could tell, and the null results were convincing. I had done exactly what appears to be the standard procedure here: test my listening impression under blind conditions and act accordingly.

It was suggested at the HE2005 debate that after I had started to feel dissatisfied with the Quad, I should have repeated the original blind test. But remember that other than taking apart in the original listening test, I was not doing any audio research. I was merely buying an amplifier for my personal use based on my positive feelings about its non-audio attributes and acting on the listening test results that appeared to indicate that it sounded the same as the other amplifiers.

It is quite possible that in a subsequent blind test, the same null result would emerge. But how would that address my very real dissatisfaction with the amplifier? And remember also that I used the Quad for a long time before recognizing the cognitive dissonance between what I was expecting to hear and what I was actually hearing.

The Quad also was neither broken nor faulty, BTW, and the speakers I was mainly using it with (a pair of Rogers LS3/5as that I still measure on a routine basis to test my speaker measurement consistency), are not a demanding load.

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So yeah, it really makes you look completely illogical. The fact that you're willing to hang your hat ("so be it") on such a fallacy does even moreso.


I am sorry, but I still don't see the lack of logic. As I wrote, either the original blind test was flawed - it was described in full in the October and November 1978 issues of Hi-Fi News, if I remember correctly -  or the non-audio aspects of perception did not dominate actual sound quality in the long term.

John Atkinson
Editor, Stereophile

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #623
Because he (John Mahoney) isn't here?


Doh, well in that case, then yeah, let's get right back to it & blame Fremer & the raving audiophiles 

seriously though, think about it, maybe if someone can call upon him to add some more weight to his own subjective experience, then maybe we can all get &/or learn something positive out of this, after all.

Article: Why We Need Audiophiles

Reply #624
Did Lipshitz really tell Michael that he was a "lucky coin"?


Stan has recounted this event for me enough that I'm sure that the phrase "lucky coin" was used. The question in my mind was whether the object he described as a lucky coin was fremer or the test fremer did.

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Because I think we can all agree that is entirely unsupported from a mere 5-trial test.


Doesn't that depend on what Stan meant?  I've always taken it to mean that MF's test results were like the test results you get when you start flipping a coin a large number of times. Of course you get runs of 5 heads from time to time. A coin that gave you 5 heads in a row when you needed 5 heads in a row would be a "lucky coin", no?


Quote
I don't support everything Arny writes, and I agree he's being a d*ck  by dredging up sludge from RAO , especially silly claims of stalking or whatever.


Stalking?

Quote
(My take on Arny was already noted long ago on HA  here ; note too JJ's response a few posts down)


I don't know why you would call that a take on me, since all you've got there is someone saying that I said something, not me actually saying the same thing. I went back and chased this stuff down and there was this guy named Phil who claimed that ABX statistics were flawed from the outset. He stuffed a lot of words in my mouth and then started arguing with himself like I actually said all that.

Put yourself in my shoes if you can. We put together the statistics behind ABX in the late 1970s, published the article about it in the JAES in the early 80s, and other than the Les Leventhal thing in the middle 80s the topic was pretty well happily put to sleep. We just ran with it and it got us through all sorts of thick and thin.  All of a sudden it is 2004 and this hotshot Phil starts rattling of all kinds of stuff about his misapprehensions, and of course this is RAO so the usual idiots are screaming in my other ear. Guess what, I actually had to sit down and think it all out again from first prinicples to get back into the game.