There are walkarounds on the web how to set font callbacks on Wine/Linux but haven't tried it myself.
I just fixed it!
Here's what I did in the exact order that I did it, use this if you like:
A while back I was Googling this exact issue and came across a thread on github that led me to this font:
https://github.com/anthonyfok/fonts-wqy-microhei/blob/master/wqy-microhei.ttc
I installed it (on Linux) then downloaded this registry file:
https://gist.github.com/swordfeng/c3fd6b6fcf6dc7d7fa8a#file-chn_fonts-reg
I ended up having to open it in my IDE to add Segoe UI and a few others to the list. Here's what mine looks like:
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink]
"Arial"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial Black"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial CE,238"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial CYR,204"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial Greek,161"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial TUR,162"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Courier New"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Courier New CE,238"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Courier New CYR,204"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Courier New Greek,161"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Courier New TUR,162"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"FixedSys"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Georgia"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Gulim"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Helv"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Helvetica"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Helvetica Neue LT Pro"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Lucida Sans Unicode"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Microsoft Sans Serif"="uming.ttc"
"Microsoft Yahei"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Microsoft Yahei Bold"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"MS Sans Serif"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"MS Shell Dlg"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"MS Shell Dlg 2"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Neue Haas Grotesk Display Pro"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Segoe UI"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"SimHei"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"System"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Tahoma"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Tahoma Bold"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Times"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Times New Roman CE,238"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Times New Roman CYR,204"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Times New Roman Greek,161"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Times New Roman TUR,162"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Tms Rmn"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Verdana"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Wine\X11 Driver]
"ClientSideAntiAliasWithCore"="Y"
"ClientSideAntiAliasWithRender"="Y"
"ClientSideWithRender"="Y"
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop]
"FontSmoothing"="2"
"FontSmoothingType"=dword:00000002
"FontSmoothingGamma"=dword:00000578
"FontSmoothingOrientation"=dword:00000001
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Hardware Profiles\Current\Software\Fonts]
"LogPixels"=dword:00000070
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"MS Shell Dlg"="SimSun"
"SimSun"="AR PL UMing CN"
"NSimSun"="AR PL UMing CN"
"Tms Rmn"="NSimSun"
"仿宋"="NSimSun"
"华文中宋"="NSimSun"
Then open Winetricks > select Georgia prefix > Run Regedit > and then Import the Registry file.
However, this still isn't enough:
You have to go back into Winetricks and install allfonts for your prefix, then it should work. I don't know the exact technical reasons for why that fixed it when Wine had microhei as a fallback anyway. Maybe this will be helpful to you
Oh, and if you know of any other fallback fonts that would be better, let me know. Clearly the microhei one was just made for people who want Chinese characters, but somehow it has a bunch of Unicode and Japanese as well. I also think you can add multiple fallbacks to one font